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Danielle Collins

FAQ: What is the closed-loop frequency response of a servo motor?

May 28, 2016 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

Frequency Response

For a system driven by sinusoidal inputs, such as a servo motor, frequency response is a measure of the amplitude and phase of the output signal relative to the input signal. It is a useful estimate of the limits of servo tuning that will produce a stable system without oscillation. To determine frequency response, a sinusoidal input […]

Filed Under: Drives + Supplies, FAQs + basics, Motors, Servo Drives, Servo Motors Tagged With: bandwidth, bode plot, frequency response, gain margin, phase margin

Field oriented control vs. sinusoidal commutation

May 21, 2016 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

field oriented control

Brushless AC (BLAC) motors are driven with sinusoidal AC currents, and due to skewed magnets and sinusoidally distributed windings in their stators, they also produce sinusoidal back EMF. Sinusoidal commutation is a common way to control BLAC motors, as it provides a very consistent torque output with little torque ripple. But at high speeds, sinusoidal […]

Filed Under: AC Motors, Brushless Motors, Drives + Supplies, FAQs + basics, Motors, Servo Drives, Servo Motors Tagged With: field oriented control, flux-vector control, FOC, sinusoidal commutation

FAQ: What are servo pancake motors and how do they work?

May 12, 2016 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

pancake motors

Traditional brushed DC motors are cylindrical in shape and have a stator with permanent magnets surrounding an armature made of windings. Cylindrical motors have a radial air gap and magnetic flux, with current running axially along the length of the motor. A special variation of the DC motor, known as a printed armature motor or […]

Filed Under: DC Motors, FAQs + basics, Motors, Servo Motors Tagged With: axial flux, Lorentz force, pancake motor, printed circuit motor

FAQ: What’s the difference between contouring and point-to-point motion?

May 8, 2016 By Danielle Collins 1 Comment

contouring

The purpose of motion control is to move an axis, or multiple axes, to a specified position or through a predefined path. For the first case, some form of point-to-point positioning is used. For motion that must pass through a predetermined set of points, a method known as contouring is used. The choice between point-to-point or contoured […]

Filed Under: Controls, FAQs + basics Tagged With: circular interpolation, contouring, linear interpolation, motion control, point-to-point

FAQ: What is trapezoidal back EMF?

April 28, 2016 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

trapezoidal back EMF

The primary distinction between brushless DC (BLDC) motors and brushless AC (BLAC) motors is their back EMF waveform. BLDC motors typically have a trapezoidal back EMF, while BLAC motors (also referred to as permanent magnet synchronous motors, or PMSM) have a sinusoidal back EMF. The shape of a motor’s back EMF is important, because it […]

Filed Under: Brushless Motors, DC Motors, FAQs + basics, Motors, Servo Motors Tagged With: back EMF, BLDC, brushless motor, trapezoidal back EMF, trapezoidal commutation

FAQ: What is sinusoidal back EMF with sinusoidal current?

April 23, 2016 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

Both brushless DC (BLDC) and brushless AC (BLAC) motors are permanent magnet, synchronous devices. They both produce torque and speed through the interaction of a rotating magnetic field in the stator and permanent magnets on the rotor. But while they have many similarities, differences in their stator construction produce different back EMF waveforms and result […]

Filed Under: AC Motors, Brushless Motors, FAQs + basics, Motors, Servo Motors Tagged With: back EMF, BLAC, brushless AC, commutation, permanent magnet motor, PMSM, sinusoidal current

FAQ: What are the different ways that industry classifies servo motors?

April 16, 2016 By Danielle Collins 1 Comment

motor terminology

A servo system is one in which the system’s error (in position, speed, or torque) is corrected through the use of a feedback device that compares the system’s actual performance with its commanded performance. What makes a motor a servo motor, then, has less to do with its construction and operation, and more to do […]

Filed Under: AC Motors, Brushless Motors, DC Motors, FAQs + basics, Motors, Servo Motors Tagged With: asynchronous motor, brushed motor, brushless motor, DC motor, servo motor, servomotor, synchronous motor

FAQ: How do linear stepper and linear ultrasonic piezo motors differ?

April 7, 2016 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

There are a number of ways in which piezo ceramics can be used to create linear motion, providing any combination of high speed, long travel, and high force. Two common types are linear stepper and linear ultrasonic piezo motors. Both use the inverse piezoelectric effect to activate a rod or pusher and create linear motion, […]

Filed Under: FAQs + basics, Motors, Piezo Motors Tagged With: physikinstrumente

FAQ: Where are linear stepper piezo motors suitable?

March 29, 2016 By Danielle Collins 1 Comment

linear stepper piezomotors

There are several types of piezo motor that provide linear motion, with one of the most widely used being the linear stepper piezo motor. These devices harness the coordinated motion of multiple piezo elements to produce virtually unlimited travel with high resolution and very high stiffness. Construction and operation In the linear stepper design, multiple […]

Filed Under: FAQs + basics, Motors, Piezo Motors Tagged With: physikinstrumente

FAQ: What are servo feedback gains, overshoot limits, and position error limits?

March 22, 2016 By Danielle Collins 1 Comment

Feedback Gains

Servo tuning can be accomplished by several methods, but the most common way is to use a PID algorithm. The PID algorithm uses three feedback gains—proportional gain, integral gain, and derivative gain—to compare the commanded position (or velocity) with the actual value and issue commands to correct errors between the two. Feedback gains determine how […]

Filed Under: Controls, FAQs + basics, Motors, Servo Drives, Servo Motors Tagged With: feedback, feedback limit, overshoot limit, PID, servo gain, servo tuning

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