• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer

Motion Control Tips

Automation • Motion Control • Power Transmission

  • News
    • Industry News
    • Editor Blogs
    • Video
  • Controls
    • HMIs
    • PC-Based Controllers
    • PLCs + PACs
    • Stand-Alone Controllers
    • Software
  • Drives
    • Servo Drives
    • Stepper Drives
  • Encoders
    • Absolute Encoders
    • Incremental Encoders
    • Rotary Encoders
  • Mechanical
    • Bearings
    • Brakes + Clutches
    • Belt + chain
    • Couplings
    • Gears + Gearing
    • Lubrication
    • Shock + Vibration Mitigation
    • Springs + Rings + Seals
  • Linear
    • Actuators
    • Linear Motors
    • Linear Encoders
  • Motors
    • AC Motors
    • DC Motors
    • Brushless Motors
    • Gearmotors
    • Piezo Motors
    • Servo Motors
    • Stepper Motors
  • Systems
    • Conveyors + linear transport systems
    • Gantries + Stages
    • Rotary Tables
    • Grippers + End Effectors
    • Robotics
  • Networks
    • Connections + Sliprings
    • Fieldbuses
    • I/O
    • Sensors + Vision
  • FAQs
    • Motion Casebook
    • Motion Selection Guides
  • Suppliers
You are here: Home / FAQs + basics / What’s the current status of AGMA and ISO gear quality standards (and why are they so confusing)?

What’s the current status of AGMA and ISO gear quality standards (and why are they so confusing)?

July 5, 2021 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

Gear quality standards developed and published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), have dominated gear manufacturing in the U.S. market since the 1960s. But in the 1990s, AGMA began working with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to update and harmonize gear quality standards, with several versions of both AGMA and ISO standards published from the mid-1990s until now. Here’s a brief recap of their evolution and the current status of both AGMA and ISO standards.


The American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), is the body accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to write all U.S. standards for gearing. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) develops international standards based on input from the standards bodies in member countries, such as ANSI (U.S.), JISC (Japan), and DIN (Germany). Since 1993, AGMA has served as the Secretary for the ISO Technical Committee 60 (TC 60), which is responsible for developing international gearing standards.


Introduced in 1988, the AGMA standard ANSI/AGMA 2000-A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook – Tolerances and Measuring Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears, was the dominant standard in the U.S. market for many years. In fact, this standard is still used or referenced by many manufacturers today.

The ANSI/AGMA 2000-A88 standard defined 13 quality classes, ranging from Q3 to Q15. In this standard, lower quality numbers indicated lower precision. In others words, the lowest quality gear would be designated as Q3 and the highest quality gear would be designated as Q15.


Cylindrical gears are those with teeth arranged on a cylindrical surface, with the teeth being either parallel or at an angle to the gear axis. The most common cylindrical gears are spur and helical types. Gear racks are also a type of cylindrical gear, but have an infinite pitch cylinder radius.

planetary gearbox
Spur gears (left) and helical gears (right) are both types of cylindrical gears.

In 1995, ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328-1:1995 was published. This standard was jointly developed by ISO Technical Committee TC 60 with ANSI/AGMA participation, and was adopted by AGMA and approved by ANSI in 1999.

The 1328 standard introduced significant changes to measuring and classification methods, and provided 10 accuracy grades (notice the use of the word “accuracy” rather than “quality”), ranging from A2 to A11. In this standard, lower numbers indicated higher precision (smaller tolerances).

gear quality
Individual single pitch deviation is a specification required for low, medium, and high accuracy gears.
Image credit: ISO

In the early 2000s, both the ANSI/AGMA 2000-A88 and the ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328-1:1995 standards were replaced by ANSI AGMA 2015-1-A01, which combined the grading system of ISO 1328-1 with measurement and evaluation methods of ANSI/AGMA 2000-A88.

The new standard also added a new accuracy grade grouping system, which included low (A10 and A11), medium (A6 to A9), and high (A2 to A5) accuracy designations. Each accuracy grouping includes a specific set of measurement criteria which must be met. For low accuracy gears, only cumulative pitch and single pitch deviation are required, while medium accuracy gears require the same criteria as low accuracy gears, along with total profile and lead. High accuracy gears require the criteria of medium accuracy gears, in addition to slope and form.

In 2013, the most current quality standard for cylindrical gears, ISO 1328-1:2013 Cylindrical Gears — ISO System of Flank Tolerance Classification — Part 1: Definitions and Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to Flanks of Gear Teeth, was introduced. This standard was developed by ISO Technical Committee 60 and approved by AGMA in 2014. The basis of ISO 1328-1:2013 was ANSI/AGMA 2015-1 A01, although this revision to 1328-1 includes significant technical updates to formulae and to methods for measurement and evaluation. ISO 1328-1:2013 is published by ANSI as ASNI/AGMA 1328-1-B14, and although the names are slightly different, the ISO and ANSI standards are identical.

Filed Under: FAQs + basics, Featured, Gears + Gearing

Reader Interactions

Leave a Reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Primary Sidebar

POWER TRANSMISSION REFERENCE GUIDE

DESIGN GUIDE LIBRARY

“motion
Subscribe Today

RSS Featured White Papers

  • Specifying electric rodless actuators: Ten tips for maximizing actuator life and system performance
  • The truth about actuator life: Screw drive survival
  • Top Ten Tips: How to specify electric rod-style actuators for optimal performance, reliability and efficiency

Footer

Motion Control Tips

DESIGN WORLD NETWORK

Design World Online
The Robot Report
Coupling Tips
Linear Motion Tips
Bearing Tips
Fastener Engineering.

MOTION CONTROL TIPS

Subscribe to our newsletter
Advertise with us
Contact us
About us
Follow us on TwitterAdd us on FacebookAdd us on LinkedInAdd us on YouTubeAdd us on Instagram

Copyright © 2022 · WTWH Media LLC and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of WTWH Media.

Privacy Policy | RSS