• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer

Motion Control Tips

Automation • Motion Control • Power Transmission

  • News
    • Industry News
    • Editor Blogs
    • Video
  • Controls
    • HMIs
    • PC-Based Controllers
    • PLCs + PACs
    • Stand-Alone Controllers
    • Software
  • Drives
    • Servo Drives
    • Stepper Drives
  • Encoders
    • Absolute Encoders
    • Incremental Encoders
    • Rotary Encoders
  • Mechanical
    • Bearings
    • Brakes + Clutches
    • Belt + chain
    • Couplings
    • Gears + Gearing
    • Lubrication
    • Shock + Vibration Mitigation
    • Springs + Rings + Seals
  • Linear
    • Actuators
    • Linear Motors
    • Linear Encoders
  • Motors
    • AC Motors
    • DC Motors
    • Brushless Motors
    • Gearmotors
    • Piezo Motors
    • Servo Motors
    • Stepper Motors
  • Systems
    • Conveyors + linear transport systems
    • Gantries + Stages
    • Rotary Tables
    • Grippers + End Effectors
    • Robotics
  • Networks
    • Connections + Sliprings
    • Fieldbuses
    • I/O
    • Sensors + Vision
  • FAQs
    • Motion Casebook
    • Motion Selection Guides
  • Suppliers
You are here: Home / FAQs + basics / What is a tuned mass damper and how is it used in motion control?

What is a tuned mass damper and how is it used in motion control?

January 21, 2020 By Danielle Collins Leave a Comment

Vibrations in machinery can lead to a premature wear of components, poor quality machine output (parts out of spec, unacceptable finishes), and even damage to the product or failure of the machine. This is why most industrial equipment employs some method of vibration mitigation to reduce or prevent vibrations that could be detrimental to the equipment, product, or process.

Although preventing vibration energy from entering the machine (vibration isolation) would seem to be the best scenario, in many cases, vibration damping — reducing the amount or type of vibration energy transmitted to the machine — is a sufficient and easier-to-achieve solution. Of the types of vibration damping systems available, one of the most common is the tuned mass damper.

tuned mass damper
A tuned mass damper includes a moving mass, spring element, and damper to counter the motion and energy caused by vibrations.
Image credit: MAQ AB

A tuned mass damper (TMD) is a relatively simple and efficient vibration-reduction device, consisting of a mass, stiffness elements (springs), and a damper. The types of dampers used in TMD devices include pneumatic or hydraulic dashpots, viscoelastic materials, and magnetic dampers (also referred to as eddy current dampers). As the machine or structure vibrates, the tuned mass damper vibrates at the same frequency but out of phase with the machine. The inertial force of the TMD reduces the vibrational energy transmitted to the machine and dissipates that energy as heat.

The system is referred to as “tuned” because the mass and springs are tuned, or adjusted, to the structural mode (i.e. the natural frequency) of the machine or structure to be damped. This is typically the first vibrational mode (first natural frequency), since it plays the most significant role in a system’s dynamic response.

Although the basic tuned mass damper design is a passive system, semi-active (also referred to as adaptive) and active versions are also available. Adaptive versions use feedback to boost performance. Signals for rotational speed, path, or other parameters are fed into the damping system, and actuators adjust the damping parameters, such as spring stiffness, accordingly.

Active tuned mass dampers use sensors, feedback, controls, and actuators to monitor the system’s vibration and introduce counteracting forces of specific direction, phase, frequency, and amplitude.

tuned mass damper
Active tuned mass dampers sense machine vibrations and use actuators to induce counteracting forces specific to the current vibration modes.
Image credit: Vicoda

The effectiveness of a tuned mass damper at reducing vibrations depends on three factors:

  • Mass ratio: ratio of the TMD mass to the structure or machine mass
  • Frequency ratio: ratio of the frequency of the TMD to the natural frequency of the structure or machine (ideal frequency ratio = 1)
  • Damping coefficient of TMD: how well the TMD dissipates energy (lower coefficient means better damping)

Although there are practical limits to the mass used in a tuned mass damper, a TMD device with even a small mass (relative to the mass being damped) can achieve significant vibration reduction.


Tuned mass dampers can reduce vibrational forces in all six linear and rotational axes of motion.


Not all industrial machines require vibration damping, but equipment with large rotating masses, such as fans and pumps, or those with large motors, often use TMDs to counteract forces from imperfectly-balanced systems or varying loads that cause vibrations in some operating conditions.

tuned mass damper
Image credit: Micromega Dynamics

In motion applications, tuned mass dampers are most often used in machines with high reactionary forces — grinders, mills, and presses for example. They’re also used in applications that require extremely smooth motion and high accuracy —where any vibratory motion would be highly detrimental to the process or product — such as semiconductor processing equipment, optical instruments, and microscopes.

You may also like:


  • How are industrial shock absorbers different from other damping systems?
  • fast Fourier transforms
    How are fast Fourier transforms used in vibration analysis?
  • machine vibration
    How is machine vibration defined?

  • What are negative-stiffness vibration isolators?
  • Vibration Damping
    Vibration damping: What’s the difference between passive and active methods?

Filed Under: FAQs + basics, Featured, Shock + Vibration Mitigation

Reader Interactions

Leave a Reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Primary Sidebar

POWER TRANSMISSION REFERENCE GUIDE

DESIGN GUIDE LIBRARY

“motion
Subscribe Today

RSS Featured White Papers

  • Specifying electric rodless actuators: Ten tips for maximizing actuator life and system performance
  • The truth about actuator life: Screw drive survival
  • Top Ten Tips: How to specify electric rod-style actuators for optimal performance, reliability and efficiency

Footer

Motion Control Tips

DESIGN WORLD NETWORK

Design World Online
The Robot Report
Coupling Tips
Linear Motion Tips
Bearing Tips
Fastener Engineering.

MOTION CONTROL TIPS

Subscribe to our newsletter
Advertise with us
Contact us
About us
Follow us on TwitterAdd us on FacebookAdd us on LinkedInAdd us on YouTubeAdd us on Instagram

Copyright © 2022 · WTWH Media LLC and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of WTWH Media.

Privacy Policy | RSS